When should you use a comma? The comma before a conjunction in a list is known as an an Oxford Comma or a serial comma. Using a comma before 'because' helps reduce confusion. Therefore, there should be a comma before "who." Before ruling the judge made sure to hear both sides of the story. I think the comma serves no purpose. Examples of the comma before … If the clause begins with a that, omit the comma. That comma is optional. I would use a comma because “in that” is functioning to link a subordinate clause (it was much larger than seemed necessary) to a main clause (I found it strange). In sentence 1, thereby follows the comma; however in sentence 2, there is a coordinating conjunction before thereby. Main Takeaways: Place a comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive clause. Don’t use a comma before the conjunction when the second clause can’t stand alone. To understand what that is, we need to learn about participles: According to the Grammar Desk Reference , “Participles take two forms: present participles always end in -ing, and past participles usually end in -d or -ed” (2). Does the word “so” appear within a quotation? Example: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and dessert. Therefore, a comma is required before "who.") Sometimes. Comma before and in AP style. Because I said so, that's why. Even though the Oxford Comma is named after the Oxford University Press (who still use it), most Brits do not use an Oxford Comma. comma / no comma? If yes, omit the comma. We'll show you how to use conjunctions, clauses, relative pronouns, and the proper way to use a comma after "and" with our comma cheat sheet. It must have both a subject and a verb. comma / no comma? Note that the final quotation mark follows the full stop at the end of the direct speech: Steve replied, ‘No problem.’ You also need to use a comma at the end of a piece of direct speech, if the speech comes before the information about who is speaking. In other words, it can stand alone as a sentence. For instance: "The M5 Author talks about the Orion Reptile Queen, and she is known as the most powerful Reptilian in the ranks." You should set this information off using a comma before and a comma after it: John went for a jog, which took half an hour, before having a long hot shower. Commas with "that" and "which" clauses When should you use a comma before that and which clauses? I'll come when I've done the winding up. The comma comes before the first quotation mark. If yes, remember to punctuate the quotation according to the standard rules. In certain cases, you can skip the comma when introducing a quotation. There are strict rules that govern when you can (and can't) use commas. Use a comma before or after quotes Example: My mom said, “Put some aloe on your sunburn.” If the attribution comes after the quote, then place the comma inside the quotation marks at the end. Use a comma before the conjunction when the sentence halves can stand alone. Sometimes, you might want to include extra information within a sentence that isn’t essential to its meaning. For example “What the king dreams,” [Ned] said, “the Hand builds.” “Bran,” [Jon] said, “I’m sorry I didn’t come before.” When to Skip the Comma. For example, take this sentence: Use a comma after the conjunction when it is followed by an interruption. comma / no comma? I was about to leave when the telephone rang. If however it is necessary to make the meaning of a sentence clear, by all means leave it there. The following sentences show that no comma is needed unless 'When' starts the sentence. As for the comma before "but" – in your sentence I think it is preferable because it makes for easier reading. In sentences with the structure of our example, if there is no comma before as, then as means “in the way that” or “while.” When you insert a comma before as, its meaning changes to “because.” It’s almost always optional to put a comma before and in a list.. Comma Before And in Lists. On the flight to Florida we watched my favorite movie. :) I came across a sample essay, and there was a comma before "is that" in it. ; A nonrestrictive clause is a phrase that adds non-essential information to a sentence without changing the overall meaning. Note the placement of the punctuation and of "that is". However, there are times when it’s a good idea – this is when the elements in a list are not single words but phrasesor when there is the potential for ambiguity. But you can use either a semicolon or commas. 2 We need to show that 2 plus 2, that is, the sum of 2 and 2, is [equals] 4. The clause "who live in the same village as us" is just additional information about Sarah's parents. Commas Before And: An Overview. 2. When possible, we take patients to the theatre. Newspapers and magazines do not generally use this rule as print space is too valuable to use on what might be considered extraneous punctuation. To use a "simpler" sentence: 1 We need to show that 2 plus 2 equals 4; that is, that 4 is the sum of 2 and 2. or . That's why If you are starting your sentence with that's why, do not put a comma after it. Some people will miss out the comma when it should be there whereas others will put it in what it doesn’t need to be. Here are two examples of how AP might treat the need for a comma before and from the blog AP vs Chicago: I like to pet kittens, puppies and bunnies. One area where a comma can cause a lot of confusion is with the word “though”. On the sidewalk in front of our house is a giant pile of snow. The clause, if you must know the truth, stops the flow of the sentence to interject this point. An independent clause is a phrase that expresses a complete thought. If the items in the list are longer and more complicated, you should always place a final comma before the conjunction. A lot of people have strong feelings about putting a comma before and in … Follow four steps to decide: 1. My suggestion: No comma before "if" Sentence 3 is a bit more complicated: You can substitute dark chocolate for white chocolate or any of your favourite type of chocolate if you prefer. When giving a short and simple list of things in a sentence, the last comma (right before the conjunction–usually and or or) is optional, but it is never wrong. 19. 17. Let's examine it in more detail. The comma placed before the final element in a list is known as the ‘Oxford comma’, or a ‘serial comma’. 16. In American English usage, many writers and editors feel that a comma should precede and with three or more items in a series. Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while. comma / no comma? You want one before the i.e., but unless there's a reason (like in this sentence) that you need a comma after it, I'd personally ditch it. And while it’s not wrong, neither is it compulsory. (Times-Chambers Essential English Dictionary) The event may not take place until March 17, but the competitors are already champing at the bit, with the Hall of Fame inductions and many other specialized events … There are some rare exceptions though, where the ‘Oxford comma’ must be used. After school we are going to the library to study. 1- With the comma it doesn't make sense, people have given suitable alternatives above Without the comma it could work but it would mean something different - "I didn't go out to study for my exam....I stayed in to study for my exam" or the example you give "I went out to have fun". Commas Before and in a Series. However, I am not so sure with the combo of "and that" because "that" makes it dependent, doesn't it? I am not sure why a comma is needed in that context. 3. The last example above is a real example from a newspaper. In American English usage, many writers and editors feel that a comma should precede and with three or more items in a series.. 2. Rule #6: Use Commas to Set Off an Nonessential Element within a Sentence. Whenever you use it after a coordinating conjunction (e.g. As you can see, there is a comma after but. Then Most often use a comma. Commas Before And are used primarily in two specific situations: 1. Commas Before and in a Series. As you know, unless the sentence is very short, a comma does come before "but" when it introduces the second independent clause. Find the clause beginning with that or which. A comma should be used before the word 'which' when it is the first word in a nonrestrictive clause. Should you be putting a comma before that word. Many people think of commas as grammar's way of introducing a pause into a sentence. Can anyone help me with this? Put commas between items in a list. Here is a … 3. If the clause begins with a … When are there exceptions for not using a comma before “with”? Read more about commas in lists. In some cases, that may involve a comma after the word “so.” Sources: Joining Independent Clauses With a Conjunction. If it's at the end, which is not common, then do so: That's why it broke. There aren’t really and hard rules regarding the use of a comma before “too,” only the preferences of the major style guides and a few norms. In fact, you use two commas. 18. Adding the comma did not change the meaning of any words in the sentence except for one: as. 1 Answer. Whether or not you put a comma before and depends on how you’re using and.There’s no single rule that applies to all situations. ; Don’t use a comma before which when it’s used to pose an indirect … Do you need comma before “though”? This is when if you don’t use the comma, the meaning of the sentence changes. Is it grammatically correct to put a comma before "and"? a. and), use the past or present tense. You usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. Can you use thereby at the beginning of a sentence? Many writers add a comma before the word “too” (when it is intended to mean “also” or “as well”) because that’s how they feel it would sound most natural if read aloud. AP is a journalistic style, so it is focused on brevity, but it also needs to ensure accuracy, so it leaves the decision up to editors. I know that we should use comma before "and" if the clause is independent. Before we reveal which sentence needs a comma and which doesn’t, let’s go back to a term from the beginning of the show: participial phrase. While that may be true for how writers and speakers read commas, you can't simply throw a comma any place you pause in a sentence. If yes, you should include a comma before the word “so.” Does it make more sense to replace “so” with “so that”? Look at both sentences carefully please. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. It will always have a comma before and after its placement to draw attention to its inclusion. Example: I would like to order a salad, a sandwich, and dessert. The punctuation with an interrupter is meant to offset it from the rest of the sentence. ; Don’t place a comma before which when which is part of a prepositional phrase. 2- Fine, and I would say the comma is correct. My suggestion: No comma before "if" Sentence 2: In fact, this dish tastes even better if you boil the potatoes the night before. Now, Both are correct, as commas must be used after every clause, except the one that comes before ‘and’.
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